PLS-00201: identifier 'x' must be declared - Roles-and-Procedures

Roles are never enabled during the execution of a procedure except in the special case of Invokers Rights which is a new feature in Oracle8i, release 8.1.

This fact is documented application developers guide: 

To create a stand-alone procedure or function, or package specification or body, you must meet the following prerequisites:

         You must have the CREATE PROCEDURE system privilege to create a procedure or package in your schema, or the CREATE ANY PROCEDURE system privilege to create a procedure or package in
another user's schema.

    Attention: To create without errors, that is, to compile the procedure or package successfully, requires the following additional privileges: The owner of the procedure or package must have been explicitly granted the necessary object privileges for all objects referenced within the body of the code; the owner cannot have obtained required privileges through roles.

scott@10GR2> drop table t purge;

Table dropped.

scott@10GR2> create table t(x number);

Table created.

scott@10GR2> create role r1;

Role created.

scott@10GR2> grant select on t to r1;

Grant succeeded.

scott@10GR2> grant r1 to hr;

Grant succeeded.

scott@10GR2> connect hr/hr
Connected.

hr@10GR2> create synonym t for scott.t;

Synonym created.

hr@10GR2> create or replace procedure p1 as
  2     l_val scott.t%rowtype;
  3  begin
  4     dbms_output.put_line (' procedure p1 invoked ');
  5  end;
  6  /

Warning: Procedure created with compilation errors.

hr@10GR2> show err;
Errors for PROCEDURE P1:

LINE/COL ERROR
-------- -----------------------------------------------------------------
2/8      PL/SQL: Item ignored
2/8      PLS-00201: identifier 'SCOTT.T' must be declared

hr@10GR2> create or replace procedure p2 as
  2     l_val t%rowtype;
  3  begin
  4     dbms_output.put_line (' procedure p1 invoked ');
  5  end;
  6  /

Warning: Procedure created with compilation errors.

hr@10GR2> show err;
Errors for PROCEDURE P2:

LINE/COL ERROR
-------- -----------------------------------------------------------------
2/8      PL/SQL: Item ignored
2/8      PLS-00201: identifier 'T' must be declared


As stated from Product documentation, this can be solved by granting necessary privileges to owner rather that through Roles.

hr@10GR2> connect scott/tiger
Connected.
scott@10GR2> grant select on t to hr;

Grant succeeded.

scott@10GR2> connect hr/hr
Connected.
hr@10GR2> alter procedure p1 compile;

Procedure altered.

hr@10GR2> alter procedure p2 compile;

Procedure altered.